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The Conversion of Glutamic Acid into Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid within Pancreatic Islet β Cells using as a Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD) Catalyzes

Scandievie Polaco

Glutamic acid is a -amino acid that is employed in the production of proteins by practically all living things. It is non-essential in humans, which means it can be synthesized by the body. It's also an excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate nervous system, and it's the most prevalent. In GABA-ergic neurons, it serves as a precursor for the synthesis of the inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD) is divided into two isoforms, GAD₆₅ and GAD₆₇, based on their molecular weights, and is expressed by two separate genes. GAD₆₇ appears to be a cytosolic enzyme that is found throughout GABA-ergic neurons, including cell bodies, dendrites, and axonal processes. GAD₆₅, on the other hand, is mostly located in nerve terminals and may be tethered to the membrane of the neurotransmitter-containing vesicles. GAD regulation is complicated and not completely understood. PLP is a cofactor for GAD, and its association and dissociation play a key role in GAD activity modulation in the near term.